Earth scraper



R. L. MILLER EARTH SCRAPER May 5, 1953 Filed April 14; 194'? 3Sheets-Sheet l INVENTORI- ROSCOE. LL NHLLER ATTORN EYS y 5, 1953 L 'R.L. MILLER 2,637,123 EARTH SCRAPER Filed April 14, 1947 s Sheets-Sheet smmvrom- ROSCOE. L.. MILLER M:4AM/

ATTORNEYS Patented May 5, 1953 UNITED STATES TENT OFFICE EARTH SCRAPERApplication April 14, 1947, Serial No. 741,167

6 Claims. 11

This invention relatestoearth scrapers and more: particularly: to suchimplements suited. to the; scooping,v transporting, and spreading ofearth;

Earth. scrapers are of two general types; the morecommon of-whichcomprises a relatively flat scoop: that is slidably drawn over theground by a draft appliance for earth loading and transporting purposes.The scoop not only acts as a cutting means in removing a layer of earthfrom traversedareas hutreceivessuch. earth and by being tippedbackwardly by the operator functions as a sled in transporting the earthaccumulated. In the, manually controlled forms of this type of scraper,considerable physical energy is required; to ;hol'd;.the1 bowl in soi1engagement for cutting purposes, intipping the bowl backward fortransporting the earth, and in pivoting the scraper forward. to dump theearth. Even in power controlled forms of this type of scraper, it, isdifficult accurately to control the depth of soil engagement during theloading of the scraper, excessive drawing power is required to motivatesuch scrapers, and; the frictional engagement of the scoop with theearth occasions frequently undesirable packing thereof and rapidly wearsaway the scoop. For these and other reasons, attention is beingattracted to the other scraper type as a possible means of obviating theproblems discussed. This second type generally provides an earthelevating'reel which engages earth scooped upby a scraper blade anddeposits. such earth in a transporting bowl. Althoughpossessingexceptional attributes, thislatter type of scraper ischaracterized by obiectionable features that have precluded its cominginto general use. Such scrapershave generally provided earth elevatingreelsthatare required, to function as wheels or rollers in thetransportation of the scraper and" its load. Terrain over which suchreelsrmay be rolled is limited to areas not harmed by-chopping action ofthe reels. It has been ditficult to regulate the depth of soilengagement of the reels. Precision control of the depth of scraper bladeengagement with the soil has not been possible. At least one form ofscraper of this 'latter type has provided support wheels fortransporting purposes. The mounting of the wheels has been such as topreclude accurate elevational control of the scraper blade and the earthelevating reel. Further the wheels have been caused totraverse the earthat the sides of? the. scraper blade and reel which is usually very)poorly suited to free rolling movement generally is souneven asv to makeaccurate controleof: thev scraper: virtually. impossible,

An object of my invention is to provide animproved scraper adapted toload and transport earth in quantities in excess of. that heretoforepossible with a given available drawing power.

Another object is to provide a scraper adapted to deposit, as well as toscrape off, terrain trans.- versed to accurately gauged extents.

Another object is to provide a scraper having means operable to loosenthe soil and chopencountered material preliminary to their beingencountered by a scraper blade, saidmeans engaging the soil toaccurately gauged extent.

Another object is to provide a scraper of the earth elevating andtransporting type having wheel sup ort in relation to which the otherelements of the scraper are elevated and depressed to accuratelycontrolled extents for loading, transporting, and dumping purposes.

Another object is to provide a. scraper of the earth transporting typein which an earth scooping element, earth elevating elements, and. anearth transporting element are cooperatively. em.- ployed concentricallyassociated elements, said scooping element being elevationallypositionable by remote control means independently of, and concurrentlywith elevational positioning of the earth elevating and transportingelements.

Another object is to provide a scraper of" the character set forth inwhich supporting wheels are mounted so as to transverse terrain overwhich they have been preceded by the scraper blade, earth elevatingelements, and earth transporting bowl, thus providing improved rollingsurfaces for the wheels.

Another object is to provide an improved scraper of the type set forthin the preceding paragraph in which the earth elevating elements, earthtransporting bowl and a semi-cylindrical hood element mounting a scraperblade are co axially arranged and earth encountered by the bladeelevated and dropped into the top of the bowl by the revolving of earthelevating elements about the bowl and within the hood asmotivated byengagement with earth traversed by the scraper.

A further obiect is to provide in a scraper having an earth transportingbowl supported in a forwardly movable draft frame, remote control meansfor positioning the bowl to receive; earth and for upsetting the bowl todischarge the earth.

Further objects and advantages will appear from the subsequentdescription in the specification.

In the drawings:

Fig. I is a side elevation, of the improved-earth scraper constructedaccording to the present in vention.

Fig. 2 is a plan view of said scraper, portions of the earth elevatingmeans thereof being broken away more clearly to show internal portionsof the scraper.

Fig. 3 is a rear elevation of the scraper as seen from line 33 in Fig.2.

Fig. 4 is a fragmentary sectional view taken longitudinally of the earthscraper indicatin elements thereof as employed to scrape a layer of soilfrom the earth preliminary to transporting the same.

Fig. 5 is a fragmentary sectional view taken longitudinally of thescraper of the present invention illustrating elements thereof asemployed to transport earth accumulated in the bowl.

Fig. 6 is a similar fragmentary sectional view taken longitudinally ofthe scraper showing the elements of the present invention in earthdumping position.

Referring in greater detail to the drawings:

In Fig. 1 a suitable forwardly movable draft frame is indicatedgenerally at H] being adapted at the forward end I I thereof to besupported and motivated by a draft appliance, such as a tractor, andsupported at the opposite end thereof by wheels [2, the mounting thereofbeing presently more fully described. Suffice it at this point toobserve that the frame may be raised and lowered with reference to thesupport wheels on which it is mounted.

A shaft I3 is mounted transversely in the frame forwardly of the supportwheels l2. As seen in Figs. 2 and 3, the shaft is conveniently journaledin pillow blocks l4 mounted in the frame. A substantially cylindricalbowl I5 is fixedly mounted on the shaft l3. The bowl has an openingformed longitudinally therein adapted to receive earth to be transportedand to dis-charge such earth when the bowl is inverted.

Circular discs l6 are journaled on the shaft [3 between the bowl l5 andthe frame It). Earth elevating vanes I! are interconnected the discsnear their peripheries. The discs and vanes comprise a dirt elevatingreel, the discs thereof being rotated and the vanes revolved about thebowl by a rolling action of the reel over the ground. Said reel ispreferably provided in circumjacent relation to the bowl. It has beendiscovered that the vanes operate more efficiently if formed intoangularly related portions as shown in Fig. 1, the inner portion l8 ofeach vane is substantially radially related to the discs on which theyare mounted and have outwardly disposed portions 19 angularly displacedfrom such radial rela-- tion forwardly therefrom, that is, in the normaldirection of movement of the vanes when the reel is rolled along theground. Said outer portions I9 are angled substantially degrees fromalignment with the radial portions.

A segmentally cylindrical hood 28 is pivotally mounted on the shaft l3disposed rearwardly of the earth elevating reel. The hood has endsegments pivotally connected to the shaft and radially and rearwardlyextended therefrom and an interconnecting segmentally cylindricalsegment spaced in intimate concentric relation to the periphery of thereel. A scraper blade 2| is borne by the hood transversely related tothe scraper for earth engagement. The hood extends arcuately upwardlyfrom the scraper blade to a position adjacent the top of the bowl l5,said hood and blade comprising an earth scoop. It is obvious that thescraper blade may be inserted 4 into the earth or retracted therefrom,to controlled extents, by pivoting the hood on the shaft I3.

It will be noted from inspection of Figs. 4, 5 and 6, that bracket arms22 are pivotally connected to the frame [0 disposed rearwardly of theshaft 13, the bowl IS, the reel, and the hood 2E] and in dependingrelation to said frame by a pivot rod 23. An axle 24 interconnects thebracket arms, and by pivoting of the latter, said axle is elevationallyrelated to the frame, as desired. The support wheels [2 are journaled onthe axle in positions causing them to traverse terrain already traversedby the reel, the hood, the scraper blade, and the bowl.

Lowering of the frame In is preferably adjustably limited bysubstantially erect adjustable stops 25, having elongated openings 26formed therein, secured to the frame 10 in positions causing thedownwardly disposed ends thereof to abut the axle 24 when lowered. Bolts21 are passed through the openings in the stops, engaged to the frameI0, and serve to secure said stops in adjusted position. The stops areemployed to limit the descent of the frame toward the axle 24 and thusto predetermine limits of earth engagement of the vanes H.

To the ends of raising the frame I!) above its resting position on thestops 25 and raising and lowering the hood 20 and scraper blade 2| bornethereby, an extensile and contractile linkage is provided between theaxle 24 and said hocd. A bell crank, comprising a leg 28 rigidly securedto the axle 24 and upwardly and forwardly extended therefrom and a leg29 rigidly interconnecting the pivot rod 23 of the bracket arms 22 andthe upwardly extended end portion of the leg 28, provides a leveragingarrangement for rotating the pivot rod, pivotally moving the arms 22 andraising the frame I0 on the wheels I2. A pair of auxiliary legs 28arigidly interconnect the axle 24 on opposite sides of the leg 28 and amedial portion of the leg in bracing relation to the leg. A flange 30 ismounted on the hood in convenient relation to the upwardly extended endportion of the bell crank. The extensile and contractile means may be ofvarious types suitably powered and conveniently comprises a hydrauliccylinder 3! mounted on the bell crank at the upwardly extended endportion thereof. A piston, not shown, is slidably housed in thecylinder, the connecting rod 32 of which extends therefrom and isconnected to the flange 30 on the hood. Hydraulic fluid under pressureis fed to, and bled from, the cylinder by means of hoses 33 and 34respectively, communicating with the cylinder at each side of thepiston. Manipulation of the pressures impressed on the piston throughthe hoses 33 and 34 serves selectively to contract, to extend, and tolock the linkage between the axle 24 and the hood 20, at will.

Adjustable limiting means 35 are provided for the hood 2!]predetermining extent of movement thereof. Said limiting means compriseelongated bars each having an opening 36 formed longitudinally thereinnear an end portion. The opposite ends of the bars are provided with aseries of bolt holes through which bolts 38 are inserted to secure thelimiting means to the frame. The plurality of bolt holes provideslongitudinal adjustment of the limiting means. Ears 39 are formed on thehood 20 and slide pins 40 employed slidably t9 @SSociate the bars withthe ears by assumes being passed; through. the-.lon-gitudinaL openin s3fi1andsecured totheear-si Further control; means; arezproyided 3positively to. position and to;upset;the bowl, [5: Thecontrol means.preferably consist ofia toothed wheel H rigidly affixed to the. shaftl3; as shown inFigs. l, 2 and 3-. Forwardly from the 'shaftand'scraperelements borne thereby, .a. rocker arm". 42: is pivotally mounted nearitsmidportion on the frame it: The. control arm provides upwardly anddownwardly disposed arcuate portionsdt. A rod Mi preferablyinterconnects the upper endportions of-the control arms. Anotherextensile and contractile hydraulic unitispreferably connected betweentherod M and the forward portion of the frame Ill. Said hydraulic unitis'of thepositive type having hydraulic fluid fed thereto, and bleedtherefrom, through hoses 45 and ll, respectively, communicatingwith thecylinder at oppositesides of the piston, saidpiston preferably being.connected to the rod :34 by a connecting rod id. It is obvious that asthe hydraulic unit is extended, or. contracted the control arm d2 isresponsively pivoted in the frame. Such pivoting ofthe controlarin istranslated into rotation of the shaft 53 and rotational positioning ofthe bowl mounted thereonby a-chain d9 connected to an arcuate element43, engaged to the tooth wheel 4!, and returned and secured to theopposite arcuate element" 56: of said control arm. Although two controlarms, apair of toothed wheels, and two communicating chains are showninthe Figs. 2 and. 3, itiis obvious that the present invention is notlimited-to such number, one frequently beingrsuiiicient rotationally toposition the bowl.

' Operation The operation is believed to be clearly apparent inithepreceding description of the present invention and is briefly summarizedat this point. The scraper is connected to admit appliance at the end itthereof and the frame it and supported elements of the scraper caused totraverse terrain which is to be scraped. In Fig. 4, the working elementsof the scraper of the. present invention are. illustrated intheirrelative positions assumed iii-loading. thescraper. the scraper is drawnalong the ground the vanes ill engage the-earth and the reel is rolledover. the. ground, the vanes loosening the soil and. cutting or breakingencountered debris into segmentsconveniently handled by the, scraper.The scraper. blade 2! engages the earth already traversed and loosenedby the rolling action of thevanes. Th scraper lowered into the earth byincreasingthe hydraulic, pressure. imposed; upon the cylinder 3|through. the hosett relative, to. the hosetlt. The scraper bladeisraised by increasingthehydraw lic ressure imposedon thecylinder throughthe hose 33 relative to the hose 34 Earth is picked up bythescraperbladeand engaged by the vanes as they are revolved about the shaft 13.The angular character of the; vanes, already described, assists inscooping the earth so engaged and lifting it as the vanes continue torevolve to; aposition above the, bowl 5%. The hood. 2% assists, in theemcient elevating ottne earth in the manner described by, assisting inmaintaining theearth on. the, vanes. Earth so elevated is spilledinwardly by the vanes into the bowl where it is conveniently maintainedfor transporting purposes.

Inasmuch asthe, earth-is depostied in the bowl usually; at therearwardside thereof,vv it is;neccs'- sary thatthe bowlibe. maintainedinza filling-positioni r.esistive;.-to; atendencyi thereofto.-turn.bach.-.- ward due to loading: of. the: rearward; portion; Thisis conveniently accomplished by adjustin the balance of.pressures-imposed on.the. hydraulic unit 45' through: the lioses lfi.and 41.

The scraper 'bladexmay be: adjusted! to encoune ter the: earth to thedepth desired by manipulating the hydraulic pressures: impressed on thehydraulic cylinder 3| through thehoses 33 and 3d to raise and lower thehood; that bears the blade. It will be clearly apparentthat accurateregulationof such pressures-results in the scraper blade removing asthick or" as thin alayer of earth from the ground as desired. Thepositive control and mounting of'the scraper blade preeludes digging-incommonly experienced in conventional scrapers.

To transport earth accumulated in the bowl, the hydraulic pressureimpressed on the cylinder 31- through thehose 33, relative to thatthrough the hose 3 3, is increased resulting in a respons ive raising ofthehood. As the=hoodis raised, the slide pins til reach the upper endsof the longitudinal openings 36 and further upward movement or the hoodis precluded by the limiting means 35; Such-elevating of the hood raisesthe scraper blade 2| clear of" the earth but allows the earth elevatingreel to remain in earth engagement. The hoo'd'being' unable to moveupward further, continued expansion of' the linkage results in a tippingof the" bell crank upwardly and rearwardly resulting in a raising of theframe lo from the axle 2t. Thus expansion of the hydraulic linkage afterthe pins have reached the upper limits of the longitudinal openings 36,results in concurrent elevational control. of all of the elements borneby the, frame.

The rocker arm 42, as seen in full line in Fig, 5, is in a positionmaintaining the bowl 15' in its upwardly directed or filling position.In dotted line the rocker arm and the hydraulic unit. #35 are indicatedin the' attitudes they assume to upset the bowl, it when it is desiredto discharge the earth contained therein. The bowl is upset byincreasing the hydraulic pressure impressed on the hydraulic unitthrough the hose 43 over that impressed through hose d7 resulting incontraction oilsaid hydraulic unit. This rotates the rocker arm. inaclockwise direction as seen in Fig. 5, causing. the. bowl E5 to assume.the inverted position shown in Fig. 6. When it is desired. to spread thedirt discharged in. a thin layer over the terrain traversed, the

- bowl may be tipped a little. at a time to spill the dirt gradually. Incooperation with this gradual spilling, it, is sometimes desirable tocontract the hydrauliclinkage til-42. to lower. the frame, to theextent. permittedby thestops. 25, in, which position the reel assists inspreading the discharged earth by rolling theretl'irough. Further thescraper blade. may be lowered as desired by further contraction of thehydraulic linkage sothat the earth isspread in asthin or as thick. alayer as desired.

After the earth has been. so discharged, the hydraulic. linkage l -3ii;isagain expanded until the reel and the;- blades are elevated. a.suihcient distanceabove the ground for safe transporter tion of-thescraper; The. scraper is again. drawn across terrainldesired tobescraped; the hydraulic linkage 3l--32- beinggthen contracted to permitthe frame to. descend on. the rear; axis; as. per. mitted by. the stops25; The reel; is; again r0- tated by engaeementor. the: vanes: [*Trwith: the.

earth and the hydraulic linkage further contracted to bring the scraperblade 2| into engagement with the earth to the depth desired. The secondhydraulic unit 45 is employed to return the rocker arm 42 to theposition shown in Fig. 5 in full line construction, resulting in areturn of the bowl to its loading position.

The scraper of the present invention loads and transports earth inquantities greatly in excess of that heretofore possible with a givenavailable drawing power. The scraper is conveniently employed to depositas well as to remove earth from terrain traversed in accurately gaugedquantities. The reel serves to loosen the soil and to chop encounteredmaterial preliminary to their being picked up by the scraper blade. Thewheels of the present invention track terrain already traversed by thescraper blade and rotary reel, thus while loading, roll on a smoothedsurface providing a more accurate base in relation to which the scraperblade and reel may be elevationally positioned with accuracy. This wheelpositioning has a further advantage of restricting the over-all width ofthe scraper to a minimum in keeping with the width of the scraper blade,the hood, the reel and the bowl.

Although I hav herein shown and described my invention in which I haveconceived to be the most practical and preferred embodiment, it isrecognized that departures may be made there from within the scope of myinvention, which is not to be limited to the details disclosed herein,but is to be accorded the full scope of the claims so as to embrace anyand all equivalent devices.

I claim:

1. An earth scraper comprising a forwardly movable support frame, ashaft journaled transversely in the frame, a substantially cylindricalbowl fixedly mounted on the shaft, and having an earth receiving anddischarging opening formed therein, means mounted on the frame andcommunicating with the shaft whereby the bowl is selectively positionedin earth receiving and earth discharging positions, disc membersjournaled on the shaft at each end of the bowl, vanes interconnectingthe disc members near their peripheries and revolved about the bowl byrolling along the ground and rotating the disc members on the shaft, asegmentally cylindrical hood pivotally mounted on the shaft disposedrearwardly of the vanes, a scraper blade downwardly extended from thehood whereby earth encountered by the scraper is elevated by therevolving vanes in association with the hood and deposited in the bowl,means communicating between the frame and the hood limiting elevatingand depressing of the hood and scraper blade borne thereby relative tothe frame, support wheels pivotally mounted on the frame, and controlledextension means communicating between the hood and the wheels wherebythe hood and scraper blade are raised and lowered in the frame andwhereby the frame and frame borne elements of the scraper are raised andlowered relative to the ground traversed by the wheels.

2. An earth scraper comprising a draft frame; a shaft rotatably mountedtransversely in the frame; circular disc members journaled on the shaftwithin the frame; vanes interconnecting the disc members near theirperipheries and revolved by rolling along the ground and rotating thedisc members; a substantially cylindrical hopper having an earthreceiving and discharging opening formed therein, said hopper beingfixedly mounted on the shaft concentrically within the disc borne vanes;a segmentally cylindrical hood pivotally mounted on the shaft disposedrearwardly of the vanes; a downwardly extended scraper blade borne bythe hood whereby earth is scooped up by the blade, elevated by the vanesin association with the hood and deposited in the hopper; a toothedwheel fixedly mounted on the shaft; a rocker arm having a mid portionthereof pivoitally mounted on the frame; extensile and contractilehydraulic means connected between the frame and the rocker armcontrollably adjusting the attitude of said rocker arm; and a chainengaged to the toothed wheel and to the rocker arm translatingpositioning of said rocker arm into loading and dumping positioning ofthe bowl.

3. An earth scraper of the earth transporting type comprising aforwardly movable frame; a. mounting shaft journaled transversely in theframe; a substantially cylindrical bowl fixedly mounted on the shaft andhaving an opening formed therein upwardly disposed to receive earth anddownwardly disposed by upsetting the bowl to discharge earth; meansconnected to the shaft to rotatably position the same and the bowl bornethereby; an earth elevating reel journaled on the shaft circumjacent thebowl; a scraper blade positioned for earth engagement disposedrearwardly of the reel; a segmentally-cylindrical hood having endsegments pivoted on the shaft and radially extended therefrom and anarcuate body portion interconnecting the end segments disposedrearwardly of the reel and in intimate spaced relation to the peripheryof the reel, said hood mounting the blade and extending upwardlytherefrom to a position adjacent the top of the bowl; bracket armspivotally mounted in depending relation on the frame; an axleinterconnecting the bracket arms; support wheels journaled on the axledisposed rearwardly of the hood and laterally spaced to traverse earthalready traversed by the reel and blade; adjustable stops mounted on theframe limiting downward movement of the frame relative to the wheels;limiting means communicating between the hood and the frame restrictingupward and downward movement of said hood, and thus the blade, topredetermined extents; and an extensile and contractile hydraulic meanscommunicating between the hood and the axle, contraction thereof servingto lower the reel into ground engagement according to the adjustment ofthe stops, by lowering the frame on said stops; further contractionthereof serving to insert the scraper blade into the earth as restrictedby the limiting means; and extension of the hydraulic means serving towithdraw the scraper blade from the earth, further extension serving toelevate the scraper blade and reel above the earth by raising the framefrom the stops.

4. An earth scraper comprising a forwardly movable support frame, ashaft journaled in the frame transversely thereto, an earth elevatingreel journaled on the shaft and rotated by rolling movement along theground, said reel including spaced vanes radially positioned incylindrical arrangement concentrically of the shaft, an earth scooppivotally mounted on the shaft for elevational movement in the framedisposed rearwardly of and overlaying the reel for a portion of theperipheral extent of said reel from a point adjacent earth on which thereel is supported upwardly and rearwardly therefrom whereby earthencountered by the scoop is ele vated by the reel in association withthe overlaying portion of the scoop and is discharged inwardly from thevanes when elevated, slide means interconnecting the scoop and frame andlimiting relative elevational movement of the scoop in the frame topredetermined limits, a bowl mounted on the shaft within the reel andhaving an opening therein positionable to receive earth discharged bythe reel, support wheels, means mounting the Wheels in supportingrelation to the frame disposed rearwardly of the scoop for relativeelevational movement of the frame on the wheels, and controlledextension means connected between the scoop and the wheel mountingmeans.

5. In a device of the character described, a support frame; an open topbowl; a scoop mounted for earth engagement rearwardly disposed to thebowl and extended upwardly and rearwardly from a position adjacent theearth in spaced concentric relation to the bowl to a point adjacent thetop of said bowl; means mounted in the frame supporting said scoop andsaid bowl pivotally on a common axis transversely of the frame; meansinterconnecting the scoop and frame and limiting relative elevationalmovement of the scoop in the frame to predetermined limits; an earthelevating reel journaled on said supporting means circumjacent to thebowl and interposed between said bowl and the scoop; support wheelsmounting the frame thereon for elevational movement relative theretorearwardly of the bowl, the reel, and the blade; and a controlledextension and contraction linkage interconnecting the scoop and thesupport wheels whereby initial contraction of said linkage serves tolower the reel into earth engagement by lowering the frame relative tothe wheels and further contraction serves to extend the scoop into theearth and whereby initial expansion of the linkage serves to withdrawthe scoop from the earth and further expansion thereof to elevate thescoop and the reel above the earth by elevating the frame relative tothe wheels.

6. A scraper comprising a forwardly movable support frame, a shaftjournaled transversely in the frame, a bowl fixedly mounted on the shaftand having an earth receiving and discharge opening, means mounted onthe frame and connected to the shaft whereby the shaft is selectivelyrotated and the bowl selectively positioned in upright earth receivingand inverted earth discharging positions, an earth elevating reeljournaled on the shaft in circumscribing relation to the bowl includinga plurality of spaced vanes positioned in cylindrical arrangementconcentrically of the shaft, the vanes having inner portions radiallyrelated to the shaft and outer portions continuous therewith angled fromsaid radial inner portions in the direction of revolution of the reel inrolling movement over earth traversed, a scoop mounted for elevationalposi tioning in the frame rearwardly adjacent to the reel, elongatedmeans having a longitudinal slot connected to the frame and upwardlyextended therefrom adjacent to the scoop, said slot having closed endsconstituting stops, a pin mounted in fixed position on the scoop andslidably engaged in the slot of the elongated means, wheels mounted onthe frame in supporting relation to the frame and for elevationalmovement relative to said frame, and controlled extension andcontraction means connected between the scoop and the wheels having arange of contraction and extension greater than the length of the slotin the elongated means.

ROSCOE L. MILLER.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS NumberName Date 2,177364 Cahall Oct. 31, 1939 2,298,566 Johnson Oct. 13, 19422,404,123 Clark July 16, 1946

